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紧急时刻，如何成为他们的英文急救指南

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在紧急时刻，掌握一些基本的急救知识可以救命于危难之中。以下是一份英文版的急救指南，旨在帮助你在关键时刻采取正确的行动，保护自己和他人。

1. 呼吸和心跳停止

What to Do:

  • Check for responsiveness by gently tapping the person on the shoulder and calling out their name.
  • If there’s no response, shout for help and immediately call emergency services.
  • Check for breathing by looking for chest movements and listening for breath sounds. Place your ear close to the person’s mouth and nose.
  • If the person is not breathing, begin CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) immediately.

Steps:

  1. Place the person on their back on a firm surface.
  2. Open the person’s airway by tilting their head back and lifting their chin.
  3. Pinch the nose shut and make a complete seal over the person’s mouth with your mouth.
  4. Blow into their mouth for about one second, making sure their chest rises.
  5. Repeat the cycle of 30 chest compressions followed by 2 rescue breaths until help arrives or the person starts breathing.

Note:

  • If you are not trained in CPR, perform chest compressions only.

2. 外伤出血

What to Do:

  • Apply direct pressure to the wound with a clean cloth or bandage to stop the bleeding.
  • Elevate the injured area if possible to reduce blood flow.
  • If bleeding does not stop after 10 minutes of direct pressure, seek medical help immediately.

Steps:

  1. Rinse the wound with clean water if it’s dirty.
  2. Apply a sterile dressing or clean cloth to the wound.
  3. Wrap the dressing tightly but not too tight to cut off circulation.
  4. If bleeding is severe, apply a tourniquet above the wound, but only as a last resort and seek medical help immediately.

3. 骨折

What to Do:

  • Do not move the person unless absolutely necessary to prevent further injury.
  • If the person is conscious, provide reassurance and keep them still.
  • If the injury is to an arm or leg, splint the area with a board or rolled-up newspaper to prevent movement.

Steps:

  1. Keep the person calm and reassured.
  2. If possible, splint the injured area by placing a board or rolled-up newspaper between the injured limb and the body.
  3. Secure the splint with a bandage or belt, but do not wrap it too tightly.
  4. Seek medical help as soon as possible.

4. 中毒

What to Do:

  • If the person is conscious, induce vomiting by having them drink a mixture of water and hydrogen peroxide.
  • If the person is unconscious, do not induce vomiting.
  • Call emergency services immediately and tell them what the person ingested.

Steps:

  1. If the person is conscious, mix 1 teaspoon of hydrogen peroxide with 4 ounces of water.
  2. Have the person drink the mixture, then催吐（induce vomiting）by having them touch their tongue to the back of their throat.
  3. Call emergency services and provide them with information about the substance ingested.
  4. If the person is unconscious, do not induce vomiting. Instead, keep them awake and seek medical help.

5. 烧伤和烫伤

What to Do:

  • Cool the burn with cool (not cold) water for 10-15 minutes.
  • Cover the burn with a sterile, non-adhesive bandage or clean cloth.
  • Do not break blisters or apply butter or other home remedies.

Steps:

  1. Run cool water over the burn for 10-15 minutes to reduce swelling and pain.
  2. Cover the burn with a sterile bandage or clean cloth.
  3. If the burn is severe, keep the person lying down and elevate the injured area.
  4. Seek medical help if the burn is larger than your palm or if it’s on a sensitive area like the face, hands, buttocks, groin, or feet.

Remember, these guidelines are not a substitute for professional medical training. It’s always best to learn first aid through a certified course. Being prepared can make all the difference in an emergency.

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